Park of China
문화유산 470자연유산 55복합유산 11
Europe has 536 World Heritage Sites (470 cultural, 55 natural, 11 mixed). Italy, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, Russia, Türkiye, Greece, Portugal and Czechia have their own pages: click a name or the country on the map (their sites are shown faded). Below are the 202 sites of the other 37 countries (including sites they share with others). Hover over or tap a dot to see its name; click a name in the list to show it on the map. Listed by year of inscription.
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- Historic Centre of Kraków A historic city in southern Poland and a former capital of the Polish kingdom. The Main Market Square, Wawel Castle and the Kazimierz district preserve buildings from the Middle Ages onward, and the city has long been a cultural centre of Central Europe.
- Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines Near Kraków in southern Poland, two salt mines worked since the Middle Ages, with the Wieliczka mine reaching a depth of about 327 m. Galleries, chapels and salt sculptures illustrate centuries of salt-mining technology.
- Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor is a natural harbour on Montenegro's Adriatic coast that was an important artistic and commercial centre in the Middle Ages, with its own schools of masonry and iconography. Many monuments, including four Romanesque churches and the town walls, were seriously damaged by the 1979 earthquake and have since been restored.
- Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) Near Oświęcim in southern Poland, the largest concentration and extermination camp established by Nazi Germany in the Second World War, where about 1.1 million people were killed, most of them Jews. The site is preserved as a testimony to the Holocaust.
- Białowieża Forest Białowieża Forest on the border between Poland and Belarus is an immense range of primary forest including both conifers and broadleaved trees. It is the most important refuge of the European bison and a key place for understanding natural processes in European lowland forests.
- Boyana Church Boyana Church stands on the outskirts of Sofia, Bulgaria, and consists of three buildings, the eastern church dating from the 10th century. Its frescoes of 1259 contain over 240 human images and are a masterpiece of medieval Bulgarian painting.
- Madara Rider The Madara Rider is a relief carved into a 100-metre-high cliff near the village of Madara in north-eastern Bulgaria, showing a horseman triumphing over a lion. Inscriptions beside it relate to the early history of the First Bulgarian Empire.
- Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak The Kazanlak tomb in central Bulgaria was discovered in 1944 and dates from the Hellenistic period, around the end of the 4th century BC. Its well-preserved murals are among the best surviving examples of Thracian painting in Bulgaria.
- Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo The rock-hewn churches of Ivanovo lie in the valley of the Roussenski Lom River in north-eastern Bulgaria and form a complex of churches, chapels, monasteries and cells that developed from the 12th century. Their 13th- and 14th-century frescoes are outstanding examples of medieval Bulgarian painting.
- Urnes Stave Church A stave church beside Sognefjord in Norway, built in the 12th century and one of the oldest of its type. Its carved animal ornament combines Viking tradition with Romanesque architectural features.
- Bryggen A district of wooden warehouses on the harbour of Bergen, on Norway's west coast, which was a major Hanseatic trading post in northern Europe. Rebuilt after fires in the traditional manner, it keeps its medieval layout.
- Old City of Dubrovnik Dubrovnik, on the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, is known as the 'Pearl of the Adriatic' and became an important Mediterranean maritime power from the 13th century. After a severe earthquake in 1667 it was rebuilt and still keeps its Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings and its city walls.
- Stari Ras and Sopoćani In south-western Serbia, the site includes the remains of an early capital of medieval Serbia and the 13th-century Sopoćani Monastery. The frescoes at Sopoćani are among the finest works of medieval Serbian art.
- Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian Split, on the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, grew within and around the palace built by the Roman emperor Diocletian in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. The medieval cathedral reused materials from the ancient mausoleum, and the city also has Romanesque churches and Gothic palaces of the 12th and 13th centuries.
- Plitvice Lakes National Park Plitvice Lakes National Park, in the mountains of central Croatia, is a series of lakes, caves and waterfalls formed where water flowing over limestone and chalk has deposited travertine barriers. The process continues today, and the surrounding forests are home to animals such as brown bears and wolves.
- Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region Lake Ohrid lies on the border between Albania and North Macedonia and is one of Europe's oldest lakes, home to many ancient endemic freshwater species. The town of Ohrid on its shore keeps Byzantine churches and Slavic cultural heritage, so the property is recognised for both nature and culture.
- Durmitor National Park Durmitor National Park in northern Montenegro was formed by glaciers and is traversed by rivers and underground streams. The Tara river canyon has some of the deepest gorges in Europe, and dense pine forests are interspersed with clear lakes and a wide range of endemic plants.
- Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum The Hal Saflieni Hypogeum on Malta is a large subterranean structure excavated around 2500 BC, using huge blocks of coralline limestone. Perhaps originally a sanctuary, it became a necropolis in prehistoric times.
- City of Valletta Valletta, the capital of Malta, is closely linked to the history of the Order of St John, and the island was ruled in turn by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and the Knights. Its 320 monuments are concentrated within an area of 55 ha.
- Megalithic Temples of Malta The Megalithic Temples of Malta are seven temples on the islands of Malta and Gozo, each the result of an individual development. The Ggantija temples on Gozo are gigantic prehistoric structures, and the temples of Hagar Qim, Mnajdra and Tarxien on Malta are unique architectural achievements of the same tradition.
- Historic Centre of Warsaw Warsaw's historic centre was almost entirely destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt after the war from historical records and paintings, restoring streets, churches and palaces from the 13th to the 20th century. It is an outstanding case of large-scale reconstruction.
- Røros Mining Town and the Circumference A copper-mining town in east-central Norway, where mining continued for over 300 years from the 17th century. Its well-preserved wooden houses and surrounding mining landscape show a settlement shaped by mining within a rural setting.
- Paphos Paphos on the south-west coast of Cyprus has been inhabited since the Neolithic and was a centre of the cult of Aphrodite. It preserves Roman villas, a theatre, fortresses and tombs.
- Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura Rome, Italy, with its ancient Forum and Colosseum, the Holy See properties in the city that enjoy extraterritorial rights, and the Basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. Said to have been founded in 753 BCE, Rome was the centre of the Roman Republic and Empire and became a centre of the Christian world in the 4th century.
- Rila Monastery Rila Monastery lies in the Rila Mountains in south-western Bulgaria and was founded in the 10th century by the hermit John of Rila. The present buildings mostly date from the 19th century, and the monastery is a spiritual centre of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and a symbol of Bulgarian cultural identity.
- Ancient City of Nessebar Nessebar stands on a rocky peninsula on Bulgaria's Black Sea coast and is more than 3,000 years old, beginning as a Thracian settlement. It keeps Greek and Roman remains, medieval Byzantine churches and wooden houses of the 18th and 19th centuries.
- Srebarna Nature Reserve Srebarna is a freshwater lake beside the Danube in north-eastern Bulgaria, covering over 600 ha, and is a breeding ground for almost 100 bird species. It also hosts many migrating birds, among them the Dalmatian pelican.
- Pirin National Park Pirin National Park is in the Pirin Mountains of south-western Bulgaria, covering more than 27,000 ha at altitudes between 1,008 and 2,914 m. It has glacial lakes, limestone peaks and coniferous forests, and many endemic plants.
- Old City of Berne The Old City of Berne, in the Swiss capital, was founded in the 12th century on a hill surrounded by the Aare River. It developed on a medieval plan, and its medieval streets, arcades and 16th-century fountains survive.
- Abbey of St Gall The Abbey of St Gall in north-eastern Switzerland is a prime example of a great Carolingian monastery and, from the 8th century until its secularisation in 1805, was one of Europe's important cultural centres. Its library holds many medieval manuscripts, and the Baroque cathedral dates from the 18th century.
- Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair The Convent of St John at Müstair stands in a valley in the Grisons, eastern Switzerland, and is a good example of Carolingian monastic building. It preserves the largest cycle of Carolingian wall paintings.
- Vatican City An independent state within Rome, Vatican City is the centre of the Catholic Church. St Peter's Basilica, the Vatican Palace and the Sistine Chapel hold a unique collection of works by artists such as Michelangelo and Raphael.
- Painted Churches in the Troodos Region Ten churches and monasteries in the Troodos mountains of central Cyprus are covered in murals. Together they give an overview of Byzantine and post-Byzantine painting on the island.
- Rock Art of Alta Near Alta fjord in Finnmark, northern Norway, thousands of rock carvings and paintings made between about 4200 and 500 BC depict hunting, fishing and ritual activity, and are an important record of prehistoric life in northern Europe.
- Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari The Thracian tomb of Sveshtari in north-eastern Bulgaria was discovered in 1982 and dates from the 3rd century BC. Its structure reflects the principles of Thracian cult buildings, and it is decorated with female figures in relief and painted murals.
- Studenica Monastery In central Serbia, founded in the late 12th century by Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja and one of the most important monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Its white marble church combines Romanesque and Byzantine styles and contains 13th-century frescoes.
- Škocjan Caves In the Karst region of south-western Slovenia, this limestone cave system has collapsed dolines, about 6 km of underground passages and many waterfalls. It includes one of the largest known underground canyons, where the Reka River goes underground.
- Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue Located in the Hungarian capital, this property takes in the banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue. It contains remains such as the Roman city of Aquincum and the Gothic castle of Buda, and its riverside townscape illustrates the city's development over many periods.
- Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings Hollókő is a village in the hills of northern Hungary, deliberately preserved as a traditional settlement. It developed mainly during the 17th and 18th centuries and is a living example of rural life before the agricultural changes of the 20th century.
- Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra In Kyiv, Saint-Sophia Cathedral was built in the 11th century in emulation of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, as the religious centre of Kyivan Rus. The Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra is a major Orthodox monastic site with churches and underground caves.
- Royal Domain of Drottningholm On an island in Lake Mälar on the edge of Stockholm, the domain has a palace, a well-preserved theatre built in 1766, a Chinese pavilion and gardens. It is one of the best preserved 18th-century royal residences in northern Europe, modelled on Versailles.
- Old Rauma Rauma on the Gulf of Bothnia in south-western Finland is one of the country's oldest harbours, developed around a Franciscan monastery whose mid-15th-century Holy Cross Church still stands. The old town of wooden houses is an outstanding example of a traditional Nordic wooden town.
- Fortress of Suomenlinna The Fortress of Suomenlinna stands on a group of islands at the entrance to Helsinki harbour and was built by Sweden in the second half of the 18th century. It is an especially interesting example of European military architecture of its time.
- Danube Delta One of the largest river deltas in Europe, formed where the Danube meets the Black Sea, mostly in Romania. Reed marshes, lakes and channels support hundreds of bird species and many freshwater fish.
- Old City of Zamość In south-eastern Poland, a town founded in the late 16th century by Jan Zamoyski on Italian Renaissance ideal-city principles. Its regular layout and the buildings around the main square combine Italian and Central European styles.
- Butrint On the coast of southern Albania, Butrint has been inhabited since prehistoric times and was in turn a Greek colony, a Roman city and a bishopric, later under Byzantine and Venetian control. Its remains include a theatre, a baptistery and fortifications from several periods.
- Birka and Hovgården On the islands of Björkö and Adelsö in Lake Mälar, Birka was a Viking-age trading town of the 9th and 10th centuries. The remains illustrate the wide trade links between Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
- Engelsberg Ironworks In central Sweden, this is the best-preserved example of the ironworks that made Sweden a leading producer of high-grade iron in the 17th and 18th centuries. The blast furnace, forge, owner's house and workers' housing remain.
- Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania In Transylvania, Romania, villages founded by Saxon settlers where the church is fortified with walls and towers. Seven villages keep the rural layout of the Middle Ages and reflect the cultural traditions of the region.
- Hurezi Monastery In Wallachia, southern Romania, founded in the 1690s by Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu. The monastery is a leading example of the Brâncoveanu style, and its frescoes and carvings had a lasting influence.
- Churches of Moldavia In Moldavia, northern Romania, eight Orthodox churches of the 15th and 16th centuries whose exteriors are covered with large frescoes of biblical scenes and the lives of saints. They combine Byzantine tradition with Gothic elements.
- Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity In central Slovakia, Banská Štiavnica grew from a medieval mining centre into a Renaissance town. Reservoirs, water channels and mining installations nearby are technical monuments of its importance in the history of European mining.
- Levoča, Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cultural Monuments In eastern Slovakia, Spiš Castle is one of the largest castle complexes in eastern Europe, with 13th–14th century Romanesque and Gothic buildings. The nearby town of Levoča preserves its medieval layout and churches.
- Vlkolínec In central Slovakia, Vlkolínec is a remarkably intact village of 45 traditional timber buildings, the region's most complete group of log houses. It shows the building and layout traditions of a central European mountain village.
- Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne The Brú na Bóinne complex lies on the north bank of the River Boyne, about 50 km north of Dublin. Its three main sites, Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, are passage tombs and form Europe's largest and most important concentration of prehistoric megalithic art, dating from around 3200 BC.
- Vilnius Historic Centre Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, was the political centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 13th century to the end of the 18th, and influenced the cultural and architectural development of much of eastern Europe. Despite invasions and partial destruction, it preserves an impressive complex of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and classical buildings.
- Rock Carvings in Tanum In northern Bohuslän on Sweden's west coast, the rock carvings date largely from the Bronze Age and show people, animals, weapons and boats. Their number and variety make them an outstanding record of Nordic Bronze Age art.
- Skogskyrkogården In southern Stockholm, this cemetery was designed by Asplund and Lewerentz between 1917 and 1920 on former gravel pits. Its design blends pine woodland and landform, and it has influenced cemetery design worldwide.
- Petäjävesi Old Church Petäjävesi Old Church in central Finland was built of logs in 1763-1765 as a Lutheran country church. It is a typical example of an architectural tradition unique to eastern Scandinavia, combining Renaissance and Gothic elements.
- Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church Jelling on the Jutland peninsula, Denmark, has burial mounds and a runic stone from the pagan Norse period. A second runic stone and the church illustrate the Christianization of Denmark in the mid-10th century.
- City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications The City of Luxembourg was one of Europe's greatest fortified sites from the 16th century until its walls were dismantled in 1867. It was repeatedly reinforced as it passed between powers including the Holy Roman Emperors, Burgundy, the Habsburgs, and the French and Spanish kings, and retains ramparts, bastions and underground passages.
- Historical Monuments of Mtskheta Mtskheta, the former capital of Georgia, lies at the confluence of the Kura and Aragvi rivers north-west of Tbilisi. Its medieval churches, including Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery, are outstanding examples of religious architecture in the Caucasus and show the cultural level of the ancient Georgian kingdom.
- Gelati Monastery Gelati Monastery, near Kutaisi in western Georgia, was founded in 1106 by King David IV and is a masterpiece of the Golden Age of medieval Georgia. Its churches are known for their smooth stone facades and balanced proportions, and contain important medieval mosaics and wall paintings.
- Roskilde Cathedral Roskilde Cathedral on Zealand, Denmark, was built in the 12th and 13th centuries as Scandinavia's first brick Gothic cathedral. It has been the royal burial place since the 15th century.
- Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst The Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst lie along the border of Hungary and Slovakia, where 712 caves have been identified in a restricted area, forming a typical temperate-zone karst system. The caves show an unusual combination of tropical and glacial climatic influences and have a wide variety of formations.
- Hanseatic Town of Visby On the island of Gotland, Visby was the main centre of the Hanseatic League in the Baltic from the 12th to the 14th century. Its 13th-century ramparts, more than 200 warehouses, church ruins and medieval street plan remain.
- Schokland and Surroundings Schokland was a peninsula that became an island in the Zuiderzee and was evacuated in 1859 as the sea encroached. After the Zuiderzee was reclaimed it became part of the new land in Flevoland, the Netherlands. It preserves traces of settlement and of the struggle against water from prehistory onwards.
- Upper Svaneti Upper Svaneti, in the Greater Caucasus of north-western Georgia, has been preserved by long isolation and keeps its medieval-style villages and tower houses. The village of Chazhashi still has more than 200 of these towers, which served both as homes and as defensive posts, set in a striking mountain landscape.
- Verla Groundwood and Board Mill Verla in southern Finland is a groundwood and board mill with its associated residential area. Remarkably well preserved, it is an outstanding example of the small rural pulp, paper and board settlements that flourished in northern Europe in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Sceilg Mhichíl Sceilg Mhichíl (Skellig Michael) is a pyramidal rock in the Atlantic off the south-west coast of Ireland. Early Christian monks built a monastic settlement on it between roughly the 6th and 8th centuries, and its beehive cells and stone stairways survive, illustrating an extreme form of Christian monasticism.
- Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment Pannonhalma Archabbey in north-western Hungary was settled by Benedictine monks in 996. The community helped Christianise the Hungarians, founded the country's first school and in 1055 produced the first document written in Hungarian. It has been active for over a thousand years, and the abbey is protected together with its natural setting.
- Dutch Water Defence Lines The Dutch Water Defence Lines extend over 200 km around the heartland of Holland and consist of the New Dutch Waterline and the Defence Line of Amsterdam. Built between 1815 and 1940, they used controlled flooding as a means of defence, supported by forts, sluices and batteries.
- Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå Near Luleå at the head of the Gulf of Bothnia, Gammelstad is the best-preserved example of a 'church village', once common in northern Scandinavia. 404 wooden houses, used by worshippers on feast days, surround a 15th-century stone church.
- Laponian Area In Sweden's Arctic Circle region, home to the Sami people, this is one of the largest areas where a traditional way of life based on seasonal reindeer movement survives. It includes national parks, mountains, glaciers, wetlands and rivers, and is recognised for both natural and cultural values.
- Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin Haghpat and Sanahin are two Byzantine-style monasteries in northern Armenia, which flourished under the Kiurikian dynasty from the 10th to the 13th century. They were important religious and learning centres, and their architecture combines Byzantine and local Caucasian traditions.
- Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg Salzburg, in western Austria, has a historic centre whose urban fabric developed from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. As the seat of a former ecclesiastical principality it has many churches and Baroque buildings, and it was the birthplace of Mozart.
- Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn Schönbrunn, in Vienna, was the residence of the Habsburg emperors from the 18th century to 1918. The palace and its gardens, with fountains, sculptures and a menagerie, are an outstanding example of Baroque total artwork.
- Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape The Salzkammergut lies in the Austrian Alps, where salt has been mined since prehistoric times. Hallstatt, with its salt mine and lakeside settlements, shows how people have used natural resources over thousands of years to shape a distinctive cultural landscape.
- Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč Poreč, on the west coast of the Istrian peninsula in Croatia, had a Christian community as early as the 4th century. The episcopal complex of the Euphrasian Basilica, with its 6th-century basilica, atrium, baptistery and episcopal palace, is the most complete surviving group of its kind and is known for its Byzantine mosaics.
- Historic City of Trogir Trogir, on a small island off the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, has a street grid dating from the Hellenistic period, enriched by later rulers with public and private buildings and fortifications. Its Romanesque and Gothic cathedral and Venetian-era buildings make it a notable example of urban continuity.
- Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout In the Dutch province of South Holland, a group of 19 windmills with pumping stations, dikes and sluices used to drain low-lying land. The site illustrates the Dutch engineering of water management and land reclamation over several centuries.
- Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao On the Caribbean island of Curaçao, Willemstad grew from a trading settlement founded by the Dutch in 1634 beside a natural harbour. Its historic districts keep colonial Dutch-style architecture and show the blending of European, Caribbean and Latin American influences.
- Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn The Old Town of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, grew from a castle built by the Teutonic Order in the 13th century. It was a major Hanseatic centre, and its churches and merchants' houses show its wealth.
- Medieval Town of Toruń On the Vistula in northern Poland, a town founded by the Teutonic Order in the 13th century that later joined the Hanseatic League. The old town keeps many Gothic brick churches, a town hall and burghers' houses, and is the birthplace of Copernicus.
- Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork On the Nogat river in northern Poland, a brick castle built by the Teutonic Order between the 13th and 15th centuries, and one of the largest medieval brick castles in Europe. It was damaged in the Second World War and has been restored.
- Historic Centre of Riga Riga, the capital of Latvia, was a major centre of the Hanseatic League, prospering in the 13th to 15th centuries through trade with central and eastern Europe. Its medieval urban fabric survives, and the city later developed a large collection of Art Nouveau buildings.
- Semmering Railway The Semmering Railway crosses the Alps in eastern Austria over 41 km and was built between 1848 and 1854. It is a pioneering feat of mountain railway engineering, with tunnels, viaducts and stone bridges set within the landscape.
- Choirokoitia Choirokoitia in southern Cyprus is a Neolithic settlement occupied from the 7th to the 4th millennium BC, and one of the most important prehistoric sites in the eastern Mediterranean.
- Flemish Béguinages Béguinages are enclosed communities founded in the 13th century by women who dedicated themselves to God without withdrawing from the world. This property includes 13 sites in Flanders, whose buildings and layout reflect this form of women's religious life from the late Middle Ages.
- The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvière and Le Roeulx (Hainaut) The four hydraulic boat lifts on the Canal du Centre in Hainaut, Belgium, are outstanding industrial monuments. They survive together with the canal and its surroundings, and are the last working examples of this type of lift in their original setting.
- La Grand-Place, Brussels The Grand-Place in Brussels is surrounded by a homogeneous group of public buildings and guildhouses dating mainly from the late 17th century. With its town hall and the King's House, it reflects the prosperity and civic life of the city at that time.
- L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre In Lviv in western Ukraine, founded in the late Middle Ages, the city was a flourishing administrative, religious and commercial centre for centuries. The old town keeps its medieval layout, with churches and Baroque buildings built by different communities.
- Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station) A steam pumping station near Lemmer in Friesland, the Netherlands, opened in 1920. It remains the largest steam-powered pumping station still in operation in the world and is an outstanding example of Dutch hydraulic engineering.
- Naval Port of Karlskrona On the Baltic coast of southern Sweden, Karlskrona is an outstanding example of a late-17th-century planned European naval city. The original plan and many buildings survive, along with dockyards, fortifications and other naval installations.
- Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta The Hortobágy Puszta is a vast area of plains and wetlands in eastern Hungary, one of the largest areas of natural grassland in Europe. Traditional land use such as grazing of domestic animals has continued here for more than two thousand years, shaping a distinctive pastoral landscape.
- Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki Sammallahdenmäki in south-western Finland is a Bronze Age burial site with more than 30 granite burial cairns. It offers a unique insight into the funerary practices and the social and religious structures of northern Europe more than three thousand years ago.
- Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) A polder in North Holland, the Netherlands, reclaimed from a lake in the early 17th century. Its regular grid of roads, canals and plots reflects Renaissance ideals of planning, and it has survived largely intact.
- Historic Centre of Sighişoara In Transylvania, Romania, a fortified town founded by Saxon settlers in the 12th century and still inhabited. The hilltop citadel, walls and towers are well preserved and show the form of a medieval Central European town.
- Wooden Churches of Maramureş In the Maramureş region of northern Romania, eight wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries with tall slender steeples and painted interiors, representing the timber church tradition of Eastern Europe.
- Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park A pilgrimage site near Kraków in southern Poland, laid out from the early 17th century with a church and chapels modelled on the holy places of Jerusalem. Buildings and hilly landscape are designed together, and it remains a place of pilgrimage.
- Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains In the Orăștie Mountains of western Romania, six fortresses and settlements of the Dacian kingdom dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. Built on hilltops, they combine local and Hellenistic building techniques.
- City of Graz – Historic Centre and Schloss Eggenberg Graz in southern Austria has a historic centre that preserves architecture of various periods and styles from central Europe, and Schloss Eggenberg is a 17th-century Baroque palace. Together they reflect the artistic and cultural exchange between central Europe and the Balkans under Habsburg rule.
- Belfries of Belgium and France Belfries are symbols of civic independence and power in northern European towns from the late Middle Ages. This series covers dozens of belfries in Belgium and northern France, in styles ranging from Gothic to Baroque.
- Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels) These are four major town houses designed by Victor Horta in Brussels: Hôtel Tassel, Hôtel Solvay, Hôtel van Eetvelde and Horta's own house and studio. Built in the 1890s and around 1900, they are leading works of Art Nouveau architecture.
- Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons) Spiennes, near Mons in Belgium, covers more than 100 ha and is the largest and earliest concentration of ancient mines in Europe. Neolithic people extracted flint here for tools, and the site shows their mining techniques and social organisation.
- Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai Tournai Cathedral in western Belgium was built mainly in the first half of the 12th century. Its nave is on a grand Romanesque scale, the choir is early Gothic, and five towers rise above it, making it an important example of the transition between the two styles.
- Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots Located at Echmiatsin (Vagharshapat) and nearby in western Armenia, this site includes the cathedral of the Armenian Apostolic Church, several churches and the ruins of Zvartnots. The buildings show the development of Armenian church architecture from the 4th century and influenced building in the wider region.
- Mir Castle Complex Mir Castle in western Belarus was begun at the end of the 15th century in Gothic style and later extended in Renaissance and Baroque styles. It was damaged and restored several times, and is a notable example of castle architecture in central and eastern Europe.
- Kronborg Castle Kronborg Castle at Helsingør, Denmark, commands the Øresund strait and was important in northern European history in the 16th to 18th centuries. It is the Elsinore of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
- Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) Pécs, known in Roman times as Sopianae, was a town in the province of Pannonia. In the 4th century a series of decorated underground burial chambers was built in its cemetery. They are important structurally and architecturally, and their paintings show early Christian themes.
- Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona Bellinzona in the Swiss canton of Ticino is dominated by three castles and a defensive wall around a rocky peak, controlling a route through the Alps. The fortifications are an outstanding example of late medieval military architecture in the Alpine region.
- High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago The High Coast in Sweden and the Kvarken Archipelago in Finland face each other across the Gulf of Bothnia. The property is noted for landforms shaped by continuing land uplift after the last ice age, including the 5,600 islands and distinctive ridged moraines of Kvarken, and is important for studying glacial rebound.
- Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower The Walled City of Baku, on the Caspian shore of Azerbaijan's capital, has been inhabited since the Palaeolithic. The Shirvanshah's Palace and the Maiden Tower are leading examples of medieval Azerbaijani architecture, and the city shows Zoroastrian, Persian, Arab and other influences.
- Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley Geghard Monastery in central Armenia has a number of churches and tombs, most of them cut into the rock, and represents the peak of Armenian medieval architecture. It stands in the cliffs of the upper Azat Valley, which forms its setting.
- The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik, on the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, was built between 1431 and 1535 and reflects artistic exchange between northern Italy, Dalmatia and Tuscany. It is built entirely of stone, with innovative vaulting and dome construction, and a frieze of 71 carved heads on the exterior.
- Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) A house in Utrecht, the Netherlands, designed by Gerrit Rietveld for Truus Schröder-Schräder in 1924. Its simple geometric volumes, primary colours and movable partitions make it a landmark of the De Stijl movement and of modern architecture.
- Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland On the southern part of the Baltic island of Öland, a broad limestone plateau, people have lived for about five thousand years. The layout of villages, fields and stone walls reflects long adaptation to limited land.
- Wachau Cultural Landscape The Wachau is the stretch of the Danube valley in Austria between Melk and Krems. It keeps medieval monasteries, castles and villages, and its terraced vineyards, still in use today, are a fine example of a traditional agricultural landscape.
- Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve In north-eastern Slovakia, Bardejov is a small but exceptionally complete fortified medieval town typical of urban development in the region. It retains its walls, market square, Gothic church and burgher houses.
- Curonian Spit The Curonian Spit is a long sand-dune peninsula on the Baltic coast, 98 km long and 0.4 to 4 km wide, shared by Lithuania and Russia. People have lived here since prehistoric times, and the spit survives through continuous human efforts, such as planting and stabilising dunes, to counter erosion by wind and waves.
- Historic Centre of Brugge Bruges in north-western Belgium is an outstanding example of a medieval settlement that has kept its historic fabric. It has Gothic buildings, canals and a tradition of Flemish painting, and was once a major European commercial city.
- Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun In Dalarna, central Sweden, copper has been mined at Falun since at least the 13th century, leaving the huge open Great Pit. In the 17th century the mine supplied much of Europe's copper, and miners' housing and an industrial landscape survive around it.
- Historic Centre of Vienna Vienna, the capital of Austria, grew from early Celtic and Roman settlements and was the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It has been central to European music, and its historic centre keeps Baroque castles and palaces together with the Ringstrasse ensemble of the 19th century.
- Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch This property in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland includes the Jungfrau and the Aletsch Glacier, the largest glacier in the Alps. It records glaciation and mountain-building processes clearly, and is an important area for studying the effects of climate change on glaciers.
- Churches of Peace in Jawor and Świdnica Two large timber Protestant churches in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland, built in the mid-17th century. After the Thirty Years' War they were built under restrictions from wood, clay and straw, and can hold thousands of worshippers.
- Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape Lake Neusiedl (Fertö) lies on the border of Austria and Hungary, and has been a meeting place of different cultures for eight millennia. The lake area combines steppe, wetlands, villages and several palaces, and its traditional land use forms a distinctive cultural landscape.
- Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape The Tokaj wine region in north-eastern Hungary is a landscape of low hills and river valleys with vineyards, farms, villages and small towns, and a network of deep wine cellars. Wine has been produced here for centuries, and the region is known for its sweet wines.
- Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska Six wooden churches in Lesser Poland, in southern Poland, built between the 15th and 17th centuries. Constructed with log-jointing techniques and richly painted and carved, they represent the tradition of Catholic timber churches in Central Europe.
- Monte San Giorgio Monte San Giorgio is a pyramid-shaped wooded mountain beside Lake Lugano on the Swiss-Italian border. It is regarded as the best fossil record of Triassic marine life, with fish, reptiles and invertebrates.
- Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski Muskauer Park, about 560 ha, straddles the Neisse River on the German-Polish border. Created by Prince Pückler-Muskau between 1815 and 1844, it was influential in landscape design.
- Grimeton Radio Station, Varberg Near Varberg in southern Sweden, this station (1922–24) is a well-preserved monument to early transatlantic wireless communication. The transmitter, antenna system and buildings survive, and the transmitter is still operable.
- Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) The Kernave archaeological site lies about 35 km north-west of Vilnius in eastern Lithuania, in the Neris valley, and testifies to some 10 millennia of human settlement. It includes the town site, hillforts, settlements and burial sites, and was an important early centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
- Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago The Vega Archipelago lies off the coast of central Norway and comprises more than 6,500 islands and skerries. For over 1,500 years its people have lived by fishing and harvesting eider down, and the site reflects this way of life in a coastal environment.
- Ilulissat Icefjord The Ilulissat Icefjord on Greenland's west coast, about 250 km north of the Arctic Circle, is the sea mouth of Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the fastest and most active glaciers in the world.
- Þingvellir National Park A national park in south-western Iceland where the Althing, an open-air assembly for the whole country, was founded in 930 and met until 1798. It lies in the rift zone between the North American and Eurasian plates and is a central place in Icelandic history.
- Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley A glacial valley in the eastern Pyrenees in Andorra. For millennia herders used its pastures, forests and water, leaving stone huts, terraces and tracks that show how people have lived in the high mountains.
- Medieval Monuments in Kosovo Four medieval Orthodox monuments in Kosovo: the Visoki Dečani Monastery, the Patriarchate of Peć Monastery, Gračanica Monastery and the Church of the Virgin of Ljeviš. Their architecture and frescoes show a blend of Byzantine and Western traditions.
- Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex In Antwerp, Belgium, this is a printing and publishing house of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, run by Christophe Plantin and then the Moretus family. It preserves early presses, type and many manuscripts, and documents the European printing trade from the 16th century.
- Struve Geodetic Arc The Struve Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea through 10 countries, over 2,820 km. Measured between 1816 and 1855 to determine the size and shape of the Earth, it is a landmark of scientific cooperation.
- West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord Two fjords in western Norway, among the longest and deepest in the world. Steep rock walls, waterfalls and glacial landforms make them outstanding examples of fjord scenery and important for the study of glacial processes.
- Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh Nesvizh in central Belarus was the residence and seat of the Radziwill family from the 16th century until 1939. Its complex of castle, church, gardens and park influenced architecture in central and eastern Europe.
- Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra Berat and Gjirokastra are two historic towns in central and southern Albania that preserve the architecture of the Ottoman period. Berat is known for its white houses climbing the hillside, Gjirokastra for its stone tower-houses and hilltop citadel.
- Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar Mostar in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina spans a deep valley of the Neretva River and developed as an Ottoman frontier town in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Old Bridge dates from the 16th century, was destroyed in 1993 and rebuilt in 2004, and the old town blends Ottoman, Mediterranean and western European features.
- Centennial Hall in Wrocław In Wrocław, Poland, designed by Max Berg and completed in 1913. Its large reinforced-concrete dome set a span record at the time, and it is an important work in the history of modern architecture and structural engineering.
- Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape Gobustan lies in central Azerbaijan, where a rocky plateau in a semi-desert holds thousands of rock engravings spanning a long period from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. They show hunting, dancing and boats, and the area also has traces of settlement and burials.
- Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe This transnational serial property consists of beech forests spread across 18 European countries. Since the end of the last Ice Age, European beech has spread from a few refuges across the continent, and these forests record that ongoing ecological process.
- Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces The Lavaux vineyard terraces stretch for about 30 km along the south-facing northern shore of Lake Geneva in Switzerland, ending near Lausanne. The terraces go back to the 11th century, when Benedictine and Cistercian monks began them, and are still cultivated today.
- Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius Near Zaječar in eastern Serbia, a palace built by the Roman emperor Galerius in the late 3rd and early 4th century as both residence and burial place. The site has fortifications, palace buildings, temples and mosaics.
- Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad This stone bridge crosses the Drina River at Višegrad in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built at the end of the 16th century to a design by the Ottoman court architect Mimar Sinan, it has 11 arches and is a masterpiece of classical Ottoman bridge building.
- Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona The Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona in north-eastern Switzerland covers 32,850 ha and has seven peaks rising above 3,000 m. Its rocks show older layers thrust over younger ones, making it a classic site for the study of mountain building.
- Stari Grad Plain The Stari Grad Plain, on the Adriatic island of Hvar in Croatia, was colonised by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC and has remained practically intact since. The ancient Greek land division and its dry-stone walls are still in use, mainly for vines and olives.
- San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano In San Marino, in north-eastern Italy, the site covers Mount Titano and the historic centre. San Marino, traditionally founded in the 4th century, is among the oldest surviving republics, and its medieval walls, towers and streets remain.
- Surtsey A volcanic island about 32 km off the south coast of Iceland, formed by eruptions from 1963 to 1967. Protected since its birth and closed to most visitors, it offers a rare record of how plants and animals colonise a new island.
- Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area In the Carpathian region of northern Slovakia, eight wooden churches built between the 16th and 18th centuries, two Roman Catholic, three Protestant and three Greek Orthodox, show the building and decorative traditions of different Christian communities.
- Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes The Rhaetian Railway brings together two historic lines that cross the Alps in south-eastern Switzerland over the Albula and Bernina passes, and continue into Italy. Opened in the early 20th century, its bridges and tunnels blend with the mountain landscape and are a fine achievement of railway engineering.
- Stoclet House Stoclet House in Brussels was designed by the Vienna Secession architect Josef Hoffmann for the banker Adolphe Stoclet and completed around 1911. The house, its garden and interior decoration form a unified whole, and it is a key work in the development of modern architecture.
- La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle are two neighbouring towns in the Swiss Jura mountains, planned around the watchmaking industry. Their street layouts, workshops and houses were designed to serve production, and are an outstanding example of watchmaking town planning.
- Wadden Sea The Wadden Sea on the southern North Sea coast, shared by the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark, is the largest unbroken system of intertidal sand and mud flats in the world and an important habitat for migratory birds.
- Seventeenth-Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht The Seventeenth-Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam was planned as a new port city at the end of the 16th and the early 17th centuries, with a network of canals to the west and south of the old town and the medieval port. Its canals, embankments and gabled houses show systematic urban planning and hydraulic engineering.
- Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans In Chernivtsi in south-western Ukraine, this complex was designed by the Czech architect Josef Hlávka in the 19th century and now houses a university. Its blend of Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic and other styles reflects the region's cultural diversity.
- Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps This serial property comprises 111 small sites around the Alps, on lake shores and in wetlands, with the remains of prehistoric pile-dwelling settlements. Dating from about 5000 to 500 BCE, they preserve everyday objects and organic material that are a key source on early farming societies in the Alpine region.
- Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland In Hälsingland in eastern Sweden, seven timber farmhouses represent the peak of a regional building tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. Built in the prosperous 19th century, they have richly painted and decorated interiors.
- Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija This transnational property consists of the mercury mining sites of Almadén in Spain, where mercury has been extracted since antiquity, and Idrija in Slovenia, where it was found in AD 1490. Together they reflect the centuries-long mercury trade between Europe and the Americas.
- Major Mining Sites of Wallonia These four sites form a strip 170 km long across Belgium and are the best-preserved 19th- and 20th-century coal-mining sites in the country: Grand-Hornu, Bois-du-Luc, Bois du Cazier and Blegny-Mine. They show the mining technology and workers' communities of the industrial age.
- Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora On the northern shore of the Black Sea in the south-west of the Crimean peninsula, the site holds the remains of a city founded by Dorian Greeks in the 5th century BC and its surrounding farmland. Six components include city districts, a theatre and vineyard land divisions.
- Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine Sixteen timber churches of the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions in the Carpathian region of Poland and Ukraine, built between the 16th and 19th centuries. Made of logs with domes and painted interiors, they reflect the building tradition of the Eastern churches in the area.
- Stevns Klint Stevns Klint is a 15 km fossil-rich coastal cliff on the east coast of Zealand, Denmark. Its strata give exceptional evidence of the asteroid impact and mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
- Van Nellefabriek The Van Nelle Factory, designed and built in the 1920s on a canal in the Spaanse Polder industrial zone north-west of Rotterdam, is an icon of 20th-century industrial architecture. Its steel-and-glass facades make large-scale use of glass, and express modernist ideas about the working environment.
- Moravian Church Settlements This serial site consists of four Moravian Church settlements in Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, including Herrnhut and Christiansfeld, reflecting the church's global network.
- The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand lies about 30 km north of Copenhagen. It was designed for Danish kings and their court to hunt with hounds.
- Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site An industrial area in Telemark, southern Norway, created in the early 20th century to produce fertiliser using hydroelectric power. It includes power stations, factories, transmission lines, railways and ferry links, and illustrates early industrial and town planning.
- The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement This transnational serial property comprises 17 works by Le Corbusier in seven countries: Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, India, Japan and Switzerland. They reflect the new architectural ideas of the 20th-century Modern Movement and its spread across the world.
- Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards Stećci are medieval stone tombstones of the 12th to 16th century found in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. This serial property covers 28 graveyards, with carved decoration that reflects the region's medieval funerary customs and stone carving.
- Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar This property consists of six groups of defensive works in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro, spanning more than 1,000 km from Lombardy to the eastern Adriatic coast. Built in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Republic of Venice, the bastioned fortifications protected its mainland territories and sea routes and represent the military engineering of the time.
- Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap Kujataa in southern Greenland is a subarctic farming landscape. It records the Norse farmers who arrived from Iceland from the 10th century and the Inuit farming that developed from the late 18th century.
- Tarnowskie Góry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its Underground Water Management System In Upper Silesia, southern Poland, lead, silver and zinc were mined from the Middle Ages onwards. The site preserves galleries and an elaborate underground drainage system, showing early mining combined with water engineering.
- Aasivissuit – Nipisat. Inuit Hunting Ground between Ice and Sea Aasivissuit–Nipisat lies inside the Arctic Circle in west Greenland. It preserves 4,200 years of human history, showing the Inuit seasonal migration and hunting of land and sea animals.
- Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace Sheki lies at the foot of the Greater Caucasus in northern Azerbaijan and is divided in two by the Gurjana River. Its historic centre keeps traditional houses, caravanserais and the 18th-century Khan's Palace, and reflects the town's past as a silk-producing and trading centre.
- Hyrcanian Forests The Hyrcanian Forests stretch along the southern Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan and Iran and form a unique broad-leaved forest massif. Their history goes back 25 to 50 million years, and they preserve many ancient tree species and ecological processes.
- Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region In south-central Poland, a mining area where banded flint was extracted from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age to make axes and other tools. Shafts, galleries and workshops show how prehistoric mining was organised.
- Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice A park covering nearly 14% of Iceland around Vatnajökull, one of Europe's largest ice caps. It includes ten central volcanoes, eight of them under the ice, and the interaction of volcanic heat and glaciers produces varied landforms.
- Roșia Montană Mining Landscape In the Apuseni Mountains of Transylvania, Romania, one of the best-preserved Roman gold-mining sites in Europe. Galleries and timber structures of the 2nd century survive, together with later villages and mining landscape.
- Colonies of Benevolence The Colonies of Benevolence were a social reform experiment of the early 19th century in the Netherlands and Belgium, which aimed to help poor people become self-sufficient through agricultural work. The property includes fields, houses and public buildings at Frederiksoord, Wilhelminaoord, Veenhuizen and Wortel.
- Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) This is the western segment of the Roman Empire's Danube frontier, running for almost 600 km through Austria, Germany and Slovakia. It includes forts, military camps, watchtowers and civilian settlements, and shows how Rome organised and defended its borders.
- The Great Spa Towns of Europe This transnational serial property consists of 11 spa towns in seven European countries, including Baden bei Wien, Spa, Mariánské Lázně and Bath. From the 18th to the 20th century they developed buildings and parks designed for therapy, leisure and social life.
- Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands The Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands extend along an 80 km corridor of Georgia's eastern Black Sea coast in seven component parts, rising from sea level to over 2,500 m. They protect typical Colchic ecosystems, including ancient deciduous forest and peat wetlands, and serve as a refuge for relict Tertiary plant species.
- Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes The Lower German Limes follows the left bank of the Lower Rhine for about 400 km from Germany to the Dutch North Sea coast. Its 102 components form one section of the Roman Empire's 2nd-century frontier.
- The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design In Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, the site comprises bridges, squares, a library, parks and a cemetery designed by architect Jože Plečnik between the two world wars. They reshaped the city's identity through human-scaled urban design.
- Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front) These sites lie along the Western Front of the First World War, which ran for some 700 km from the North Sea to the Franco-Swiss border. The series comprises 139 cemeteries and memorials in Belgium and France that commemorate those who died in the war.
- Old town of Kuldīga Kuldiga, in western Latvia, grew from a small medieval hamlet into an important administrative centre of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia between the 16th and 18th centuries. Its street pattern and traditional buildings are well preserved, making it an exceptional example of a traditional urban settlement.
- Viking-Age Ring Fortresses The Viking-Age Ring Fortresses are five sites in Denmark (Aggersborg, Fyrkat, Nonnebakken, Trelleborg and Borgring), built about 970–980 to a uniform geometric design near important routes.
- Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 Kaunas, in central Lithuania, served as the country's provisional capital between the two World Wars and changed rapidly from a provincial town into a modern city. The property comprises modernist buildings from 1919 to 1939, including apartment blocks, public buildings and schools, reflecting the urban development of a newly independent state.
- Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker A house in Franeker, in the Dutch province of Friesland, built between 1774 and 1781 by the wool merchant Eise Eisinga. A working mechanical model of the solar system as then known is built into its ceiling and wall, and it is a rare surviving example of popular astronomy of the Enlightenment.
- Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and “Köç Yolu” Transhumance Route Khinalig is a high-mountain village in northern Azerbaijan, surrounded by summer pastures and agricultural terraces. The landscape includes the village and the Köç Yolu route used for moving livestock between seasonal pastures, and shows a mountain herding tradition that continues today.
- The Historic Centre of Odesa In the Black Sea port city of Odesa, the historic centre is a densely built area planned in classical style, with 19th-century theatres, squares, a monumental stairway and housing. It illustrates the urban planning and cultural mix of a Black Sea trading port.
- Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu In Târgu Jiu in southern Romania, a group of works created by the sculptor Constantin Brâncuși in the 1930s, including the Endless Column, the Gate of the Kiss and the Table of Silence. Made as a memorial to those who died in the First World War, they are major works of modern sculpture.
- Vjetrenica Cave, Ravno Vjetrenica Cave lies in the Dinaric Mountains in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina and is known for its remarkable cave biodiversity and number of endemic species. Known since antiquity, it has long passages and underground waters that shelter many cave-dwelling animals.
- Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia In Romania, the defensive frontier built by the Roman Empire after the conquest of Dacia in the early 2nd century, with earthworks, forts and camps. It forms part of the multinational Frontiers of the Roman Empire site.
- Møns Klint Møns Klint on the east of the island of Møn, Denmark, is a glaciotectonic landscape of chalk cliffs and hills. Its cliff sections show folded Cretaceous chalk, and its calcareous grasslands support rare habitats.
- Gdynia Modernist City Centre On the Baltic coast of northern Poland, Gdynia grew from a fishing village into a port city from the 1920s. Its modernist buildings and urban plan reflect the ideas behind new European cities of the interwar period.
- Aalto Works The property consists of thirteen modern buildings and ensembles across Finland, built between 1928 and 1988 to designs by Alvar Aalto. These civic, community and residential works exemplify the 20th-century Modern Movement and its response to social needs.
- The Bony Fish Fossils of the Western Limfjord – Evolution and Climate Adaptation in the Earliest Eocene The Bony Fish Fossils site comprises the coastal cliffs of Hanklit and Knudeklint in northern Jutland, Denmark. They hold some of the best-preserved fossil fishes of the earliest Eocene.