Park of China
문화유산 29자연유산 5복합유산 1
The United Kingdom has 35 World Heritage Sites (29 cultural, 5 natural, 1 mixed), the 8th most in the world. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name; click a name in the list to show it on the map. Listed by year of inscription.
- Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast The Giant's Causeway lies at the foot of basalt cliffs on the edge of the Antrim plateau on the coast of Northern Ireland. It is made up of some 40,000 massive black basalt columns, many of them hexagonal, formed by ancient volcanic activity, and it is important for the study of geology.
- Durham Castle and Cathedral Durham Cathedral, in north-east England, was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries to house the relics of St Cuthbert and the Venerable Bede. It is regarded as the finest example of Norman architecture in England, and its ribbed vaulting anticipated Gothic design. The adjoining castle, a Norman fortress, was the residence of the prince-bishops of Durham.
- Ironbridge Gorge The Ironbridge Gorge lies in the Severn valley in Shropshire, western England, and is a key site of the Industrial Revolution. The Coalbrookdale blast furnace of 1708 used coke for iron smelting, and the iron bridge completed in 1779 was the first of its kind in the world, influencing later engineering and architecture.
- Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey Located in Yorkshire, northern England, this property combines the ruins of the 12th-century Cistercian Fountains Abbey with Studley Royal, a landscape park laid out around them in the 18th century. Fountains Hall and the Victorian St Mary's Church stand within it, and the water garden is among the finest Georgian examples.
- Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites Stonehenge and Avebury, in Wiltshire in southern England, are among the best-known megalithic monuments in the world. The two stone-circle sanctuaries and the surrounding Neolithic and Bronze Age sites are a major testimony to prehistoric ceremonial life, and the astronomical significance of their layout is still being studied.
- Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd The property comprises the castles of Beaumaris, Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy, with the town walls of Caernarfon and Conwy, in Gwynedd, north Wales. They were built mainly for Edward I in the late 13th century and are well-preserved examples of medieval military architecture, reflecting the English colonisation and defence of the region.
- St Kilda St Kilda is a volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic, west of the Outer Hebrides, made up of Hirta, Dun, Soay and Boreray. It has some of the highest sea cliffs in Europe and large colonies of seabirds, notably puffins and gannets. Traces of long human settlement on Hirta give it listing for both natural and cultural values.
- Blenheim Palace Blenheim Palace, near Oxford, was given to John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough, in recognition of his victory in 1704, and built between 1705 and 1722. It is a leading example of English Baroque architecture, set in a park remodelled in the naturalistic style by Capability Brown.
- Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church Beside the Thames in London, this property consists of the Palace of Westminster, rebuilt from 1840 in neo-Gothic style and home to the British Parliament; the medieval St Margaret's Church; and Westminster Abbey, where sovereigns have been crowned since the 11th century. Together they reflect the development of monarchy and parliament in England.
- City of Bath Bath, in south-west England, was founded by the Romans as a thermal spa and became a wool-trading centre in the Middle Ages. In the 18th century it was rebuilt as an elegant town of neoclassical Palladian architecture, which sits harmoniously alongside the Roman baths.
- Frontiers of the Roman Empire These frontier sites include Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall in Britain and the Upper German-Raetian Limes in Germany. They are parts of the Roman Empire's border at its greatest extent in the 2nd century AD.
- Henderson Island Henderson Island is an atoll in the eastern South Pacific, in the Pitcairn group, and one of the few in the world whose ecology has been little affected by people. Its isolation makes it a valuable setting for studying island evolution and natural selection, and it holds several endemic plants and land birds.
- Tower of London The Tower of London stands on the north bank of the Thames. William the Conqueror had it built in the 11th century to protect the city and assert his authority, and its White Tower is a typical example of Norman military architecture. Over the centuries the fortress has served as a royal residence, armoury, prison and treasury.
- Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church Canterbury, in Kent, is the seat of the head of the Church of England. The property includes Canterbury Cathedral, the ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, founded after the mission that began in 597, and St Martin's Church, the oldest church in England. Together they mark the establishment and growth of Christianity in England.
- Old and New Towns of Edinburgh Edinburgh has been the capital of Scotland since the 15th century. It has two distinct parts: the medieval Old Town, dominated by its castle, and the neoclassical New Town, planned from the 18th century, which influenced urban planning across Europe. The contrast between them is the basis of its inscription.
- Gough and Inaccessible Islands Gough and Inaccessible Islands, in the South Atlantic, form one of the least-disturbed island and marine ecosystems in the cool temperate zone. Their towering cliffs hold one of the world's largest seabird colonies, together with several endemic birds and plants.
- Maritime Greenwich Greenwich, in south-east London, has an ensemble of buildings and a park that reflect English artistic and scientific achievement in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Queen's House by Inigo Jones was the first Palladian building in England, and the Royal Observatory is associated with the prime meridian and navigational astronomy.
- Heart of Neolithic Orkney On the main island of Orkney, off northern Scotland, this group of Neolithic monuments includes the chambered tomb of Maes Howe, the Stones of Stenness, the Ring of Brodgar and the village of Skara Brae. Dating from around 5,000 years ago, they give a detailed picture of life and ritual in Neolithic northern Europe.
- Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda The Town of St George, at the eastern end of Bermuda, was founded in 1612 and is one of the earliest English urban settlements in the New World. Its fortifications show how English military engineering changed from the 17th to the 20th century as artillery developed.
- Blaenavon Industrial Landscape Blaenavon, in South Wales, was one of the world's major producers of iron and coal in the 19th century. Its mines, quarries, early railways, furnaces, workers' housing and community buildings survive together and give a full picture of an industrial landscape of the period.
- Saltaire Saltaire in West Yorkshire, England, is a complete and well-preserved industrial village of the second half of the 19th century. Its textile mills, public buildings and workers' housing share a harmonious style and reflect the ideas of paternalistic industrial planning.
- Dorset and East Devon Coast The Dorset and East Devon coast in southern England has cliff exposures that provide an almost continuous record of some 185 million years of the Mesozoic Era. Its fossil sites and coastal landforms are important for geology and palaeontology.
- Derwent Valley Mills The Derwent Valley in central England has a series of 18th- and 19th-century cotton mills and an associated industrial landscape. The modern factory system has its origins in the mills at Cromford, and the valley is significant for the development of industrial technology and social organisation.
- New Lanark New Lanark is a small 18th-century village in southern Scotland where the philanthropist Robert Owen developed a model industrial community in the early 19th century. The cotton mills, workers' housing and educational buildings survive and illustrate early social reform and planning in the industrial age.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Kew Gardens in south-west London is a historic landscape garden whose features illustrate significant periods of garden art from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Its botanic collections of living plants and documents have made it a major centre of botanical and taxonomic research for over 250 years.
- Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape Cornwall and West Devon in south-west England were transformed in the 18th and early 19th centuries by the rapid growth of copper and tin mining. Deep underground mines, engine houses, foundries and mining towns reflect the technology of the time and influenced mining regions elsewhere in the world.
- Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal in north-east Wales is an 18 km engineering achievement of the Industrial Revolution, completed in the early 19th century. The aqueduct carries the canal across the Dee valley on a high structure of cast iron and masonry.
- Moravian Church Settlements This serial site consists of four Moravian Church settlements in Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, including Herrnhut and Christiansfeld, reflecting the church's global network.
- The Forth Bridge The Forth Bridge is a railway bridge across the Firth of Forth in Scotland. When it opened in 1890 it had the longest spans in the world, at 541 m, and it remains one of the greatest cantilever truss bridges, still carrying passengers and freight.
- Gorham's Cave Complex Gorham's Cave Complex consists of four caves in the steep limestone cliffs on the eastern side of the Rock of Gibraltar. Their archaeological and palaeontological deposits show Neanderthal occupation over more than 100,000 years and are important evidence for Neanderthal behaviour.
- The English Lake District The English Lake District, in north-west England, is a mountainous area whose valleys were shaped by Ice Age glaciers and later by an agro-pastoral system of walled fields. The landscape that resulted from this combination of nature and human activity has strongly influenced ideas of landscape appreciation and conservation since the 18th century.
- Jodrell Bank Observatory Jodrell Bank Observatory in a rural area of north-west England is free from radio interference and is one of the world's leading radio astronomy observatories. From 1945 it hosted cosmic ray research and later made major contributions to radio astronomy and the tracking of space probes.
- The Great Spa Towns of Europe This transnational serial property consists of 11 spa towns in seven European countries, including Baden bei Wien, Spa, Mariánské Lázně and Bath. From the 18th to the 20th century they developed buildings and parks designed for therapy, leisure and social life.
- The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales, in the mountains and valleys of the Snowdon massif, shows how industrial slate quarrying and mining transformed a traditional rural environment. Quarries, mines, railways, workers' villages and ports reflect the industry's 19th-century growth, when Welsh slate was exported worldwide.
- The Flow Country The Flow Country in the Highland Region of Scotland is considered the most outstanding example of an actively accumulating blanket bog landscape. The peatland has been accumulating for about 9,000 years, stores large amounts of carbon and supports many wetland birds.